Which of the following is NOT one of the three common forms of commercially available supplemental protein?

• A. Protein vitamins
• B. Protein concentrates
• C. Protein isolates
• D. Protein hydrolysates

Answer: (A)

Supplemental protein typically comes in three common processing forms: concentrates, isolates, and hydrolysates. Concentrates are the least processed, with about 70–80% protein and some non-protein components like lactose and fat. Isolates are more processed to remove fat and lactose, yielding around 90% protein or more. Hydrolysates are pre-digested proteins broken into peptides, which can be absorbed more quickly.

Vitamins, while essential micronutrients, are not a form of protein supplement. The term “protein vitamins” isn’t a recognized form of protein product. Therefore, that option is not a standard form of commercially available supplemental protein.